Java, JDBC

JDBC: History and Features Evaluations

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JDBC History

Sun Microsystems released JDBC on February 19, 1997 as part of Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.1 .Since then it has been part of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE).

The JDBC classes are divided in two packages:

  • java.sql
  • javax.sql.

JDBC versions by Release

  • J2SE 1.4 : JDBC version 3.1 developed by the JAVA community process with JSR 54 specification.
  • J2SE 1.6 : JDBC version 4.0 developed with concept of Rowset and JSR 221 specification.
  • J2SE  7: JDBC version 4.1 specified by a maintenance release 1 of JSR 221 specification.
  • J2SE  8: JDBC version 4.1 specified by a maintenance release 2 of JSR 221 specification.
  • J2SE  9: JDBC version 4.1 specified by a maintenance release 3 of JSR 221 specification.

The latest version of JDBC is 4.1 currently. Java used primary package java.sql and javax.sql  jdbc api to ease and simplify the coding to database interactivity.

JDBC 3 Features

Below are new features in these packages include changes in the following areas:

  • Jdbc RowSet
  • Savepoint in transaction management to rollback and release the savepoint by        
Connection.setDavePoint()
Connection.rollback(Savepoint svpt)
Connection.releaseSavepoint(Savepoint svpt)
  • ResultSet and Statement Caching  for Connection Pooling.
  • Switching between Local and Global Transactions .
  • Retrieval of auto generated keys by the method getGeneratedKeys().

JDBC 4 Features

Below are new features in these packages include changes in the following areas:

  • Automatic database driver loading don’t need to write Class.forName().
  • Connection and statement interface enhancements. Some new methods added for PreparedStatement, CallableStatement, ResultSet etc.
  • DataSource improvements.
  • Event Handling support in Statement for Connection Pooling to listen statement error and statement closing events.
  • Exception handling improvements.
  • Enhanced BLOB/CLOB functionality.
  • National character set support.
  • SQL ROWID access.
  • SQL 2003 XML data type support.
  • Annotations.

More on JDBC

Follow below links to learn more on JDBC and solving JDBC related issues :